A power divider divides an incoming signal into two (or more) output signals. In the ideal case, a power divider can be considered loss-less, but in practice there is

An isolator is a type of non-reciprocal passive network that allows designers the freedom to construct networks where the transmission coefficient in one direction does not necessarily have the same

TX and RX filters select a specific portion of the RF or microwave signal based on the desired frequency, and reject the rest of the signal being transmitted or received.

A crossband coupler is a three-port network that allows transmitters and receivers of different frequency bands to share a single feedline to an antenna. It does this by using low-pass,

Any time there are RF or any electrical equipment out in the field, it’s going to be subject to a wide range of environmental factors. Extremes of temperature, wind-blown

Cavity filters are one of many types of Radio Frequency (RF) filters, and are one of the fundamental building blocks of modern communications systems. This paper describes the basics of

Cavity filters are a type of resonant filter used for either passing desired RF signals within a specified frequency range or rejecting RF signals within a range of frequencies. The

Why New Narrowband Channel Assignments Impact Filter Q and Channel Isolation Requirements Narrowbanding has been a congestion mitigation challenge since the early 1990’s, and in 2013 the FCC required all current

It is common for multiple radio and wireless service providers to share communications sites and cell towers, and this proximity often results in spectrum congestion. Radio frequency interference can originate

An ideal telecommunications tower site would have every band in critical industrial, commercial, and public safety spectrum fitted with a dedicated antenna and receive unit for optimum sensitivity. However, the